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Abstract The participation of developing nations in the globalization of research and development has so for been ensure some developing nations with robust in restructures highly trained work force reasonable intellectural property productions and applying local markets especially in asia and the pacific nations wave attached FDI in research and development. In this contest the present study constructed impact of globalization of research development. Keywords: Current education system, General agreement of trade services, educational institution in western society, Factors favour linguistic cultural Darwinism. Introduction For decades, technological transformation and innovations drives by research and development have been the sources important somas of productivity growth and increased welfare of Nations. As…

Popularly  known  as  ‘Athens  of  the  East’  Madurai  is  a  place  of  great  historical  importance.   The  oldest  city  in  Tamil  Nadu,   Madurai  lies  on  the  banks  of  the river  Vaigai.   A centre  of  learning  and  pilgrimage  for  centuries,  it  is  one  of  the  most  lively  cities  in  South  India.1   It  was  originally  known  as  ‘Kadambavanam’2  or  the  forest  of  the  Kadamba  (Nauclea  kadamba).   According  to  legends,   Lord  Siva   appeared  in  the  dream  of  the  then  king  Kulasekhara  Pandya.   The  king  was  amazed  to  see  drops  of  nectar,  Madhu,  falling  down  on  earth  from  Lord  Siva’s   matted  hair.   The Madhu was  so  sweet  that  the  place  where  it  fell  came  to …

Periyar  E.V.   Ramasamy  attack  on   society  is  based  on  reason; intelligence and scientific observation, His theory of rights does not make him. A social reformer but remake of society. This helped as a hallmark of any dynamic theory of social change. He was a social scientist by his innovations that are to be introduced for social change. Periyar’s Service is multi-dimensional. He had absolute courage and clean plan of action. He had a lion’s heart that helped to exhibit his fearless courage. He was frank, forthright and straightforward which made him an unequaled leader. He cared for principles not for persons thus righting single handedly against the deep-rooted social maladies.…

Kallikulam, Our Lady of Snow Church Kallikulam   is a small village situated 6 km.  away  from  Valliyoor  in  the  east  enroute  to  Tiruchendur,  in  the  Tirunelveli  District. Kallikulam  is  a  centre  of  pilgrimage  tourism  to  the  Christians  in  the  sense  that  a  beautiful  Church  has  been  constructed  in  honour  of  “Our  Lady  of  Snow”.1    Initially   it  was  constructed  in  1798  as  a  small  one  by  an  individual  Susai  Nadar.  Later it was expanded and it was renovated in 1838.   In   1884   foundation  was  laid   for  a  new  church  and  was  completed  in  1886  and   nearly  2000   people   can   pray  at  a  time  in  the  church.2 Every   year  August  5th   is …

Among  the  numerous  temples  that  dominate the landscape  at  the  extreme   end  of  South  India,  the  most  popular  for  its  reneration  and prominent by the historical and architectural points is the Suchindrum  temple  near  Kanyakumari.   It  is  a  charming  tiny  village  on  the  banks    of  river  Palayar,1  visited  by  a large  number  of  pilgrims  all  the  year  round.   Suchindrum  temple  may  well  be  considered  as  one  of  the  store-houses  of  the  richest  specimens  of  art  and  sculpture  in  stone. The  Gopuram  itself  is  a  gigantic   structure  depicting  mythological  stories  from  the  Puranas.2   The  moment,  one  enters  the  temple  through  the  Gopuram  which  is  134  feet  high,  comes  across   the  hallow…

Problems of sickness are omnipresent but the dimensions differ. The approach in developed economies is to restore a unit to normalcy by way of restructuring methods within a short span of time or else close it down once for all. Such methods may not be suitable to our country on account of prevalent wide spread unemployment scenario. The Economic Survey (1989-90) mentioned about the prevalent of sickness in the country. The survey mentioned ‘growing incidence of sickness has been one of the persisting problems faced by the industrial sector of the country. Apart from that, sizeable funds of banks and financial institutions are blocked up, which impair the banks profitability…

Bull – Races In  the  evening  hours  of  Maatu  Pongal,  the   bullocks  are  collected  and  loosened  one  after  the  other  in  quick  succession,  from  a  large  enclosure  amidst   the  furious  din  of  drums  and  loud  shouts  from  a  large  crowd  of  spectators.1   The  bullocks   run   the   gauntlet   down   a  lane formed of country-carts  and  then  gallop  off  widely  in  every  direction.   In  rural  areas,  there  is  a  competition  to  seize   the  cloth  tied  to  the  horns of the leading  bulls.   This demands alertness,  fleetness  of  foot  and  considerable  pluck.   Those  who  capture  the  bulls  are  the  heros  of  the  honour,  though  in  the  bargain  they   receive  cuts  and  bruises.2   These …

Tourism impacts can be seen in three sectors, economic, social and environmental. Generally, economic, social and environmental.  Generally, economic impacts are regarded as positive, i.e. broadening and diversifying the economic base, providing tax revenues, providing employment etc. social and environment impacts are considered negative, i.e. degradation, congestion, over crowding, pollution etc. including residents tolerance levels.1  True benefits of tourism can only be appreciated on a broad basis which include not only economic aspects but also social and cultural aspects. A major phenomenon of this nature has far-reaching implications both in the short term and in the long run. Tamil Nadu is a unique state in several aspects and more specially…

Child Marriage Megasthanese is of the view that women were of marriageable age even at the age of seven. Child marriage means children were married at an early stage before they attained maturity, mentally and physically.1 Even infants below one year were married and the parents of the bride and bridegroom would look after their children till they attained maturity. Normally, the parents were in a hurry to marry off their daughters at an early stage. In certain cases, marriage proposals were made when the child was in the womb of the mother and if the child was a male instead of a female, the marriage proposals would be dropped. In…

Abstract The Temples occupied a highly conspicuous place in the life of the Hindus. The temples consecrated to the Brahmanical deities, especially to Siva and their precincts, were considered as Sanketam grounds, and reserved exclusively for the caste Hindus. Such temples remained out of bounds for the non- caste Hindus. Among the caste Hindus, the Pujaris (priests) mostly Brahmins, were alone permitted to enter the inner shrine of the Garbhagraha of the temple. Irrespective of their economic status, people connected with certain professions were labeled as untouchables and subjected to severe social disabilities. They were prohibited from touching or coming near the upper caste people owing to tindal or distance…

Abstract The women of this country till today leading a life subordination in comparison with men in all aspects. Barring some exceptions, so long they have been treated as an abject of pleasure, as a human being to assist men and an instrument for giving birth to children. Similarly in the long history of the Tamil country, very rarely women enjoyed equal status and opportunities along with men. The Chola dynasty was also no exception to this. Despite the Cholas had excelled in different aspects of life such as political, economical, cultural and religious, the status of women were kept very low, though scholars like Dr.R. Nagaswamy, Prof. V. Balambal…

Abstract The Constitutional Law is the supreme law of the land. The Indian Constitutional Law provides equal opportunity to both sexes. Soon after the constitution of the Constituent Assembly in November 1946, the Congress adopted a resolution declaring that it stands for a Constitution wherein social objectives should be laid down to promote freedom, progress and equal opportunity for all the people of India without any discrimination. Thus, the women of India got their rights constitutionally protected. The Hindu Women Property Act of 1937, The Special Marriage Act of 1954, Hindu Marriage Act of 1955, Hindu Succession Act of 1956, Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act of 1956, Hindu Minority and…

ABSTRACT Pilgrimage is a journey of search of moral or spiritual significance. Typically, it is a journey to a shrine or other location of importance to a person’s beliefs and faith. Many religions attach spiritual importance to particular places: the place of birth or death of founders or saints, or to the place of their “calling” or spiritual awakening, or of their connection (visual or verbal) with the divine, to locations where miracles were performed or witnessed. Such sites may be commemorated with shrines or temples that devotees are encouraged to visit for their own spiritual benefit: to be healed or have questions answered or to achieve some other spiritual…

ABSTRACT The three words ‘Satyagraha, Sarvodaya and Anasakti’ (non-attachment) convey Gandhiji’s whole philosophy of individual and social life.  Sarvodya literally means the welfare or the uplift of all.  It stands for human considerations outweighing all else, whether in the economic, social or political sphere.     Sarvodaya has come to say as one of the distinct ideological trends of our times.  Gandhiji drew inspiration from the teaching of love and non-violence of Buddha and Mahavira and from these ancient seers who taught austerity and self-control.  His immediate inspiration was drawn from the reading of Ruskin’s ‘Unto the Last’. The Eraniel Sarvodaya Sangh was started on 1977.  This Sarvodaya Sangh has twelve…

Motor transport was first regulated under the Indian Motor Vehicles Act, 1914 and Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 created regional and provincial Transport Authorities. They were authorized to grant permits for state carriages, public and private carriers, and to provide rule concerning timings, specifications of vehicles, standards of maintenance and other conditions under which holders of permits were expected to operate. The first batch of 6 Government buses run on the road on 24th March 1947.1 The only protection that the public needs is to provide freedom to the Road Transport Authorities to function independently to promote every number of vehicles and services on-every route.2 Each State has one State Transport…

Introduction The princely State of Travancore had its own struggles and agitations of a political character from the very beginning of the British period.  The agitations which took place in the early period had for their aim the establishment of good government and those of the later period the achievement of political rights like the association of the people with the various levels of administration.  Towards the closing decades of the 19th century the educated middle class in Travancore asserted itself.  There was widespread resentment among the educated classes against the government’s policy of importing persons from outside, particularly Tamil Brahmins to hold the most important posts in the public…

Two movements, one in the political field and the other in the social sphere emerged in the Madras state spearheaded with the aim to uplift the socio-political status of the backward and the down trodden communities during the 19th and 20th Centuries. The causes for the emergence of these movements are many and varied. Indeed, it should be observed that there existed a few nauseating situations which were immediately responsible for the emergence of the political movement, the South Indian Liberal Federation in 1916, later known as the Justice Party. Since there was no justice in the Tamil society, there arose the necessity of the emergence of Justice Party which…

ABSTRACT The British administration in India by its policies provoked the students. They in a fit of anger and revenge took the path of agitation and protest. To a large extent, the discontent came from the college and university students. At the time, when western education was introduced in India, the motive of the British government was to solve the problem of finding a cheap agency for carrying on the subordinate work of administration in its various departments. The educational institutions fulfilled the purpose for which they were devised. At the days of education the students experienced anarchy and at the end of their education, they looked up to the…

The merchants, who were prosperous during the long and peaceful reign of the Cholas, thought that their prosperity depended on supernatural elements and made valuable endowments to temples. They donated lands to temples to ward off dangers in the course of their inland and foreign trade. The offerings were made by them collectively as well as individually. Following the kings and royal family members, the merchants also set up shrines and images of god and donated for their worship and maintenance. Religious festivals were the main occasions when merchants made generous gifts to the temple. The community of nagarattars who took the leading part in trade and commerce, belong to…

Abstract With in the past two decades globalization has had a huge impact on the lives of women in developing nations. Globalisation may be denoted as a complex economic, political, cultural and geographic process in which the mobility of capital, organizations, ideas, discourses and people has taken a global or transnational form. Although women are increasingly active in community support systems, gender disparities persist in public positions at all levels. Although the humiliation, harassment and exploitation of women have been a common feature throughout history, such treatment has become more widespread with globalization. To understand the work place culture for Indian women, a brief note on women empowerment in the…