THIRUPPARAPPU MAHADEVAR TEMPLE

Dr. S. Jeyanthi Assistant Professor of History, Lakshmipuram College of Arts and Science, Neyyoor, Kanyakumari District. ABSTRACT As a sacred house of gods and goddesses, temple becomes a place of worship where people gather to think of god and pray to him. Kanyakumari District is noted for several ancient temples which exercised much influence of the life and culture of the people. The Thirupparappu Mahadevar Temple is most important and third among the twelve Sivalayams. The principal deity of this temple is known as Jatatharar. Generally the Siva temples faces the east. But this shrine face west.  It is reminiscent of the early Chola style of architecture. Introduction Kanyakumari District…
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EMERGENCE OF MUNICIPALITIES IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT AND ITS IMPACT

Dr. M. Shylakumari Assistant Professor of History, S.T.Hindu College, Nagercoil. Local Self Government is the management of local affairs by such local bodies who have been elected by the local people. The importance of local self- government has been emphasized on two different principles. The first principle comprises of local bodies, which enjoy extensive powers to act in any way they like for the betterment of the community unless restricted by law in any sphere of activity. The second principle comprises of local bodies that cannot go beyond the specific functions defined for them in the various acts and statutes. The local self- government in India, in the sense of…
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MANDAIKADU RIOTS

Dr. C. Godwin Sam Assistant Professor of History, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil. Kanyakumari District is generally a tranquil district where the law and order problems were a few and far between.  However, the last half of the 20th Century has witnessed a few law and order problems.  They were not only serious but strained the human relations and social atmosphere.1  The most important among these law and order problems was the Mandaikadu riots.   In March 1982, violence in the name of religion marred the countenance of the District of Kanyakumari and shocked the whole of Tamil Nadu.  It is the duty of a true historian to interpret the causes for…
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CONTRIBUTIONS OF JESUITS FOR THE PROMOTION OF EDUCATION IN TAMIL NADU

Dr. Regi, S. Assistant Professor of History, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil-4. Ancient India was not a stranger to the lands of Christian antiquity.  Jawaharlal Nehru explains that “few people realize that Christianity came to India as early as the first century after Christ, long before Europe turned to it and established a firm hold in South India”.1  They are called as Syrian Catholics because of the support they received from the Syrian Churches of West Asia.  Further, they called themselves as St. Thomas Christian.2 The Christian faith of these early Christians and other people were confirmed after the arrival of the Portuguese in India in 1498.  The Missionaries who…
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JENMI AND RYOTS IN TRAVANCORE – A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

Dr.P. Justin Paul Assistant Professor, Department of History, Government Arts College, Udhagamandalam. Travancore was a land where people of diverse fashions and political beliefs had been able to forge a common ethos and find a common identity, yet the region comes into the limelight only in the 9th century A.D.  The State of Travancore is blessed with plentiful and fairly assured rainfall, Travancore consists of people of various religions and castes.  Most of the people of Travancore were agriculturists or ryots1. The term ‘ryot’ means “one who owns land and pays tax directly to Government”.  The ryot in Travancore was also an intelligent, industrious, loyal and law – abiding peasant –…
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SRI NARAYANA GURU – A GREAT REFORMER OF MODERN INDIA

Dr.V.S. Prasanth Assistant Professor of History, Lekshmipuram College of Arts & Science, Neyyoor. Introduction Narayana Guru was born in 1854 in a poor family of peasants of the Ezhava Community at Chempalanthi in Trivandrum District. The district was a bilingual area of Tamil and Malayalee culture. His father Madan Asan was a cultivator as well as scholar in astronomy and medicine. His mother was Kuttu. He had four daughters and three sons.1 Like Vaikunda Swamigal, he too revolted against Brahmin ascendancy and campaigned for the mitigation of the rigorous of caste. He was an exponent of the principle of equality of men and an opponent of the inequalities in religion and…
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PUNNAPRA VAYALAR EPISODE OF 1946 – THE CLIMAX OF LANDLORDISM IN TRAVANCORE

Dr. Anand Lali Seena Assistant Professor of  History, Sree Ayyappa College for Women, Nagercoil. Introduction The political developments which took place in India at the end of the Second World War in 1945 had their impact on Travancore.  The leftist elements represented by the Congress Socialist group in the Congress organization emerged as the Communist Party in 19391.  The Kerala Provincial Congress Committee under Communist leadership took an equivocal stand in favour of a mass struggle to overthrow British rule2.  The party undertook the task of organizing the industrial workers and agricultural labourers who lay concentrated in the Alappuzha - Cherthala area of the State.  They suffered from untold economic…
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K.L.S.SANTHANAM-LIBERATOR OF THE SCAVENGER SOCIETY IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT

Dr.T.Anitha Assistant Professor of History, Sree Ayyappa College for Women, Chunkankadai Abstract The present paper ‘K.L.S.Santhanam Liberator of the Scavenger Society in Kanniyakumari District’ deals the condition of the scavenger community and the contribution of the trade unionist K.L.S.Santhanam in Kanyakumari District particularly in Nagercoil. Santhanam who had genuine taste for trade union activities, always moved with the workers at the grassroots level. He had a passion for the suffering sections of the working class people that earned his fame and affection. The attitude towards the scavenger community commonly known as Chakkiliyar in Kanyakumari District was not different from the other part of the country. They were treated as untouchables…
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HISTORICAL MONUMENTS IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT

Dr. D. Lekha Associate Professor, Department of History, Sree Ayyappa College for Women, Chunkankadai, Kanyakumari District. Kanyakumari District, the southernmost tip of the Indian Sub-Continent, gets its name from the township Kanyakumari, a pilgrim centre associated with the temple of Goddess Kanyakumari.  It stretches an area of  1684 sq km.  The district was a part of Travancore Princely State during the pre-independence period, and after the independence it remained as part of Travancore-Cochin State until the realignment on linguistic basis was achieved.  After the pronouncement of the States Reorganization Act, 1956, the newly formed district Kanyakumari comprising Agestheeswaram, Thovalai, Kalkulam and Vilavancode the four southern taluks of Thiruvananthapuram merged with…
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WORKING CLASS MOVEMENT IN MADURAI REGION , 1918 – 1920

Dr. Y.Immanuel Raja Kumar Assistant Professor in History, Ariger Anna Arts and Science College, Attur. From  time-immemorial the Tamils manufactured superfine variety of cotton and exported to European countries like Greece and Rome. They enjoyed huge benefit out of  this trade. But, after the British acquisition of India, they monopolized cotton and converted India into her market. In the Madras Presidency, Madras city took the lead in establishing cotton Mill industries in various places especially  in the heart of the cotton growing districts. The biggest mills outside Madras were situated in Madurai and their chief occupation was spinning. The proximity of cotton crop, hand-loom markets for yarn and the availability…
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FESTIVALS IN THE VISHNU TEMPLES OF KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT – A STUDY

Dr. P. Jeyabalakrishnan* and N.Sumathe** *Assistant Professor in History, DDE., Annamalai University **Ph.D., Part – Time, Research Scholar,  History, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore. Kanyakumari District is well-known for its Vishnu temples. Vaishnavism flourished from a very early date. Shrines erected in memory of Vishnu are many in this district. The chief centres of Vishnu temples are Thiruvattar, Parakkai, Parthivapuram,   Suchindrum, Kariyamanickapuram, Puravaseri, Thiruvithancode, Krishnancoil, Thiruppathisaram and Kochapidaram. As in Shiva temples, many festivals and ceremonies are conducted in the temples of Vishnu. The analysis of various festivals, conducted in Vishnu temples reveals a very important fact that ceremonies in Vishnu temples are almost alike in Kanyakumari District. Vishnu temples also attract…
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A STUDY ON CASTE HIERARCHY IN TRAVANCORE

Dr. S. Kalaiarasu Associate Professor of History, Arignar Anna College, Aralvoimozhi - 629 301, Kanyakumari District. The social setting in Tamilnadu at the dawn of twentieth century had to be processed by analyzing the nature of the social conflict and the accumulative effect of the forces generated by the conflict. The Brahmins, who were on the apex of the Hindu society, were ordained to be the masters in deciding social and religious values of the entire Tamil society. They had no serious threat until the rise of the non-Brahmin movement.1 It is well-known that the Brahmins acquired position and power and claimed superiority.2 The voice of their authority was unconditionally accepted in…
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GENESIS OF POLICE ADMINISTRATION IN INDIA

Dr. S. Murugavel Associate Professor, P.G and Research Centre of History, Rani Anna Government College for Women, Tirunelveli – 8. Abstract The aim of this paper is to describe the origin of the Police administration in India. The Police have the important mission of maintaining law and order and providing protection to the people.  The Police Department has a glorious record of service since its establishment, by discharging its ordained responsibility of maintenance of law and order with utmost vigilance, dedication and professionalism.  Policing has always been and is ever a challenging task.  They have always proved their mettle on most occasions.  It maintains law and order, investigation or any…
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GLIMPSES OF SRI KASI VISWANATHA SWAMY TEMPLE – TENKASI

Dr. M. Josephraj Academic Programmer, Indira Gandhi National Open University Study Centre, Rani Anna Government College for Women, Tirunelveli – 627 008. Abstract An attempt is made in this article to delineate the history of Sri Kasi Viswanatha Swamy Temple at Tenkasi. As religion is an inseparable force in Indian culture. Tenkasi has one famous temple dedicated to Lord Viswanatha and Goddess Ulagamman. The presence of the Sri Kasi Viswanatha Swamy Temple in Tenkasi testify to the antiquity of Hinduism. Sri Kasi Viswanatha Swamy Temple of Tenkasi  has made a unique contribution in constructing the religious, social and political life of the past and present people. This temple also supply…
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DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL

Dr. S.L. Omanakutten Assistant Profesor of History, Rani Anna Governemnt College for Women, Tirunelveli. Kanyakumari District on the southern tip of the sub-continent of India, has an area of 1684 square kilometers.1  The economic geography of the area created it as an agrarian society.  Therefore it was formerly known as the granary of Travancore.2  Since it was the part of the Travancore State, it became a separate district of Tamil Nadu in 1956.  Under Section 120 of the States Reorganisation Act of 1956 (Central Act 37 of 1956) the four taluks of Agastheeswaram, Thovalai, Kalkulam and Vilavancode were grouped together to form the new district namely “Kanyakumari District”4, with its…
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THE POLIGAR REBELLION OF 1799-1801

Dr. A. Shunmugaiah Assistant Professor of History, S. T. Hindu College, Nagercoil. The Period from 1799 to 1801 was the most important one in the history of Kayathar. It was one of anti-British outbreaks to free the land from the British conquests. The growing unrest in Kayathar culminated in the Poligar Rebellion of 1799, and the East India Company suppressed the rebellion with an iron- hand. Though the Company reorganized the Poligar system in 1800, it could not eliminate the sources of trouble. Therefore there was another rebellion which spread far and wide in 1801. But the Company suppressed it with determination and violence. The triumph of the British arms…
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THE ENTRY AND SPREAD OF JAINISM IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT

Dr. C. Selvaraj Formerly Associate Professor, Department of History and Research Centre, N.M. Christian College, Martandam - 629 165. Kanyakumari District has great historical and cultural antiquity. It  is also a fertile place for the growth of several religions.  From the remote past it was a centre of Hinduism. Temples with architectural excellence are found in places like Suchindram, Thiruvattar, Padmanabhapuram and the 12 temples connected with the concept of Sivalayaottam are famous. Along with the religions such as Christianity and Islam are also established a hold in this district. Over and above Jainism, the rebel religion to Hinduism has also spread in this district and established a hold in…
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METACOGNITION AND ACHIEVEMENT IN HISTORY OF XI STANDARD STUDENTS

*P. Vel Murugan and **R. Stella *Assistant Professor and **Research Scholar, Bishop Agniswamy College of Education, Muttom, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu - 629 202.   Abstract The main objective of this study is to find out the relationship between metacognition and achievement in History of XI standard students. Metacognition Inventory constructed by Punitha Govil and Achievement Test in History Questionnaire developed by the investigator were used to collect the relevant data. The sample consists of 300 XI standard students of whom 114 are male and 186 are female. The data are analysed by ‘t’ test and Karl Pearson’s Product moment correlation. The results indicate that there is significant relationship between…
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WOMEN ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAITS IN SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRIES IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT

T. Raja Suresh* * Assistant Professor of Commerce, Udaya College of Arts and Science, Vellamodi. Women Entrepreneur is very important one for the Economic growth of the country. The almost half of the population is women. While business owned and operated by them less than 5 Percent is reflection on social, cultural as well as economic distortions in the decades of its Development. This research paper totally depends on primary and secondary data from District Industrial Centre, Nagercoil. In this paper explain the various outcomes of Entrepreneurial traits and analyze the major impact of Entrepreneurial traits on its various outcomes and its stimulated using t-test and fitted regression model respectively.…
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TRANSITIONAL PERSPECTIVE OF DEATH IN GITA HARIHARAN’S SHORT STORY COLLECTION, THE ART OF DYING

F. Samson* * Assistant Professor, Udaya College of Arts & Science, Ammandivilai 629 204, Kanyakumari District. Abstract Death in traditional Indian family is an inauspicious event which demands number of rituals to be performed after the funeral ceremony. Githa Hariharan reveals the changing attitude of the younger generation towards death at the backdrop traditional beliefs in her short story collection, The Art Of Dying. Death of a person, to some, gives the desired opportunity for self-discovery and, to others; it is a relief from tensions of life. Death also appears to be an act of despair, the inescapable destination of every living being on their journey. In her unique style…
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